Praxis function in the ADL Observation Scale: Spanish cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties

Sánchez-Bermejo, Laura (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Milla-Ortega, Pedro Jesús ; Pérez-Mármol, José Manuel

Resumen: Objective To cross-cultural adapt the ADL Observation Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish-speaking patients with stroke. Methods A validation study that included cross-cultural adaptation, structural validity assessment, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy analysis. The study followed COSMIN and STARD criteria. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ADL Observation Scale followed a backward translation process. Structural validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficient. Cut-off points were estimated using ROC analysis, and diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Internal consistency, cut-off points, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated for two different age groups (65 years; > 65 years). Results The Spanish version of the ADL Observation Scale was obtained after cross-cultural adaptation. The psychometric properties were tested in a sample of 180 patients with stroke. Structural validity showed a four-factor structure of the scale (RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.952; TLI = 0.934). Internal consistency for each factor indicated Omega values between 0.641, 95% CI [0.495, 0.753], and 0.915, 95% CI [0.882, 0.936]. Cut-off points, also calculated for each factor, ranged from ?1 to ?4 points. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values showed high values, indicating the scale's discriminatory capacity for correctly classifying patients with praxis deficits. Conclusion The ADL Observation Scale has a four-factor structure, and it is a reliable instrument for evaluating the levels of praxis function in daily living among Spanish-speaking patients with stroke. The scale also has adequate diagnostic accuracy in detecting patients with praxis deficits.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0341856

Año: 2026

Publicado en: PLoS ONE 21, 1 (2026), e0341856 [16 pp.]
ISSN: 1932-6203

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/CHARES/AP-0325-2022

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Fisioterapia (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)

Dataset asociado: The dataset used during the study is available at Figshar ( https:// doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28943669.v1.)