Controlled release of glucocorticoid via PLGA nanoparticles for modulating macrophage polarization in inflammation situations
Esteban-Pérez, Natalia ; Del Sol-Fernández, Susel ; Martín-Rapún, Rafael (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Martínez de la Fuente, Jesús
Resumen: Glucocorticoids are among the most widely used anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. However, their prolonged administration is associated with a wide range of adverse side effects including long-lasting immunosuppression. In this study, we aimed to encapsulate two commonly used glucocorticoids with different potency and duration, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with the goal to modulate inflammatory gene expression in a delivery-dependent manner. We evaluated their anti-inflammatory properties in two in vitro models varying the timing of treatment administration based on lipopolysaccharide M1-polarized macrophages, key effectors of the innate immune system. Our results demonstrated that, for both strategies, drug-loaded nanoparticles significantly reduced the expression of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, compared to the free drugs. However, in one of the strategies, while free drugs induced upregulation of interleukin-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, no such effect was observed with the nanoparticle-based formulations. Overall, these results demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles enable sustained glucocorticoid delivery and modulate inflammatory gene expression in activated macrophages in a delivery- and timing-dependent manner, providing comparative insight into how glucocorticoid delivery via PLGA nanoparticles shapes inflammatory gene regulation depending on treatment timing and highlighting the importance of in vitro model design.
Idioma: Inglés
DOI: 10.1039/d5nh00782h
Año: 2026
Publicado en: Nanoscale Horizons (2026), [10 pp.]
ISSN: 2055-6756
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E15-20R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101064735/EU/Tunning the force for remote magnetomechanical gating of Piezo1 channels/MAGPIEZ
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/CB16-01/00263
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/CEX2023-001286-S
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-118485RB-I00
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-141276OB-I00
Tipo y forma: Article (Published version)
Área (Departamento): Área Química Orgánica (Dpto. Química Orgánica)
You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
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Idioma: Inglés
DOI: 10.1039/d5nh00782h
Año: 2026
Publicado en: Nanoscale Horizons (2026), [10 pp.]
ISSN: 2055-6756
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E15-20R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101064735/EU/Tunning the force for remote magnetomechanical gating of Piezo1 channels/MAGPIEZ
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/CB16-01/00263
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/CEX2023-001286-S
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-118485RB-I00
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-141276OB-I00
Tipo y forma: Article (Published version)
Área (Departamento): Área Química Orgánica (Dpto. Química Orgánica)
You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Exportado de SIDERAL (2026-03-26-14:31:00)
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Record created 2026-03-26, last modified 2026-04-07