The incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain is declining – a registry data analysis
de Mendoza, Carmen ; Lozano, Ana Belén ; Rando, Ariadna ; Nieto, Maria del Carmen ; Cebollero, Alba ; Cabezas, Teresa ; Maciá, María Dolores ; Cortizo, Sandra ; Basalobre, Luz ; Aldamiz, Teresa ; Pena, María José ; Soriano, Vicente ; Spanish HIV-2 Network ; Benito Ruesca, Rafael (Universidad de Zaragoza)
Resumen: Objectives
HIV-2 infection is a neglected disease caused by a human retrovirus that causes AIDS more slowly than HIV-1. Infection with HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. Given its differential features, guidelines recommend ruling out HIV-2 infection in all newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive individuals.
Methods
A national registry of HIV-2 cases was created in Spain in 1989, following the first report of three HIV-2+ individuals in Barcelona. The main demographics, clinical, and virological data are reported up to December 2023.
Results
A total of 424 individuals with HIV-2 infection were recorded in the Spanish registry. After a peak in 2009 when 31 cases were reported, new HIV-2 diagnoses steadily decreased. Less than 10 cases/year have been notified since the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, only eight cases were reported.
Mean age at HIV-2 diagnosis was 44 years old, ranging from birth to 83 years. A total of 265 (62.5%) were male. Migrants predominated, being 322 (76%) Sub-Saharan Africans; however, 60 (14.2%) were native Spaniards. Heterosexual exposure was the most likely route of infection in at least 287 (67.7%) cases. A few cases could be traced to transfusions (n = 4), vertical infection (n = 2), or injection drug use (n = 7). In addition, 15 individuals (3.5%) were men who had sex with men. Coinfection with HIV-1 was recognized in 39 (9.2%) individuals. Molecular characterization of HIV-2 subtypes was performed in 139 individuals, 121 being infected with subtype A and 18 with subtype B.
Conclusion
The annual incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain has decreased after peaking 15 years ago, being the current number of cases below 10 per year. Three-quarters are African migrants, and two-thirds are male. Circulation of HIV-2 in Spain is limited and steadily decreasing.
Idioma: Inglés
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107076
Año: 2024
Publicado en: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 146 (2024), 107076 [6 pp.]
ISSN: 1201-9712
Factor impacto JCR: 4.3 (2024)
Categ. JCR: INFECTIOUS DISEASES rank: 24 / 137 = 0.175 (2024) - Q1 - T1
Factor impacto CITESCORE: 12.6 - Microbiology (medical) (Q1) - Infectious Diseases (Q1)
Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.323 - Infectious Diseases (Q1) - Microbiology (medical) (Q1) - Medicine (miscellaneous) (Q1)
Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)
Área (Departamento): Área Microbiología (Dpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.)
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Exportado de SIDERAL (2026-03-26-14:31:57)
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HIV-2 infection is a neglected disease caused by a human retrovirus that causes AIDS more slowly than HIV-1. Infection with HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. Given its differential features, guidelines recommend ruling out HIV-2 infection in all newly diagnosed HIV-seropositive individuals.
Methods
A national registry of HIV-2 cases was created in Spain in 1989, following the first report of three HIV-2+ individuals in Barcelona. The main demographics, clinical, and virological data are reported up to December 2023.
Results
A total of 424 individuals with HIV-2 infection were recorded in the Spanish registry. After a peak in 2009 when 31 cases were reported, new HIV-2 diagnoses steadily decreased. Less than 10 cases/year have been notified since the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, only eight cases were reported.
Mean age at HIV-2 diagnosis was 44 years old, ranging from birth to 83 years. A total of 265 (62.5%) were male. Migrants predominated, being 322 (76%) Sub-Saharan Africans; however, 60 (14.2%) were native Spaniards. Heterosexual exposure was the most likely route of infection in at least 287 (67.7%) cases. A few cases could be traced to transfusions (n = 4), vertical infection (n = 2), or injection drug use (n = 7). In addition, 15 individuals (3.5%) were men who had sex with men. Coinfection with HIV-1 was recognized in 39 (9.2%) individuals. Molecular characterization of HIV-2 subtypes was performed in 139 individuals, 121 being infected with subtype A and 18 with subtype B.
Conclusion
The annual incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain has decreased after peaking 15 years ago, being the current number of cases below 10 per year. Three-quarters are African migrants, and two-thirds are male. Circulation of HIV-2 in Spain is limited and steadily decreasing.
Idioma: Inglés
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107076
Año: 2024
Publicado en: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 146 (2024), 107076 [6 pp.]
ISSN: 1201-9712
Factor impacto JCR: 4.3 (2024)
Categ. JCR: INFECTIOUS DISEASES rank: 24 / 137 = 0.175 (2024) - Q1 - T1
Factor impacto CITESCORE: 12.6 - Microbiology (medical) (Q1) - Infectious Diseases (Q1)
Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.323 - Infectious Diseases (Q1) - Microbiology (medical) (Q1) - Medicine (miscellaneous) (Q1)
Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)
Área (Departamento): Área Microbiología (Dpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.)
Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace. Exportado de SIDERAL (2026-03-26-14:31:57)
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Artículos > Artículos por área > Microbiología
Registro creado el 2026-03-26, última modificación el 2026-04-07