Resumen: The Spanish Roma population have co-existed with the broader population of Spain, under the same laws and regulations for more than 500 years, but they exhibit very different fertility patterns. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are factors other than income or education that can explain the larger number of children in Spanish Roma families. Our analysis reveals that the existence of a family business, which is highly labor-demanding, appears to be associated with parental decisions concerning the number of children. Since parental authority, in Roma families, holds sway over children even after their own marriage, the future labor contributions of children are particularly beneficial to the family business. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1007/s11150-015-9289-6 Año: 2015 Publicado en: REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 15, 1 (2015), 115-133 ISSN: 1569-5239 Factor impacto JCR: 1.29 (2015) Categ. JCR: ECONOMICS rank: 105 / 344 = 0.305 (2015) - Q2 - T1 Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 0.896 - Social Sciences (miscellaneous) (Q1) - Economics and Econometrics (Q2)