Resumen: 1. Introduction
Standalone (off-grid) renewable energy systems supply electricity in places where there is no access to a standard electrical grid. These systems may include photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, hydro turbines or any other renewable electrical generator. Usually this kind of system includes electricity storage (commonly, lead-acid batteries, but also other types of storage can be used, such as lithium batteries, other battery technologies, supercapacitors and hydrogen). In some cases, a backup generator (usually powered by fossil fuel, diesel or gasoline) is part of the hybrid system.
Low-power standalone systems are usually called off-grid systems and typically power single households by diesel generators or by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems (solar home systems) [1]. Systems of higher power are called micro- or mini-grids, which can supply several households or even a whole village. Mini- or micro-grids, powered by renewable sources, can be classified as smart grids, allowing information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation [2].
The modelling of the components, the control of the system and the simulation of the performance of the whole system are necessary to evaluate the system technically and economically. The optimization of the sizing and/or the control is also an important task in this kind of systems... Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.3390/app10062068 Año: 2020 Publicado en: APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 10, 6 (2020), 2068 [2 pp] ISSN: 2076-3417 Factor impacto JCR: 2.679 (2020) Categ. JCR: PHYSICS, APPLIED rank: 73 / 160 = 0.456 (2020) - Q2 - T2 Categ. JCR: ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY rank: 38 / 91 = 0.418 (2020) - Q2 - T2 Categ. JCR: CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY rank: 101 / 178 = 0.567 (2020) - Q3 - T2 Categ. JCR: MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY rank: 201 / 333 = 0.604 (2020) - Q3 - T2 Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 0.435 - Computer Science Applications (Q2) - Engineering (miscellaneous) (Q2) - Process Chemistry and Technology (Q2) - Instrumentation (Q2) - Materials Science (miscellaneous) (Q2) - Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes (Q2)