000099254 001__ 99254 000099254 005__ 20230519145432.0 000099254 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fmicb.2021.623108 000099254 0248_ $$2sideral$$a122575 000099254 037__ $$aART-2021-122575 000099254 041__ $$aeng 000099254 100__ $$aMama, OM 000099254 245__ $$aPrevalence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus CC398 isolates from invasive infections in spanish hospitals, focusing on the livestock-independent CC398-MSSA clade 000099254 260__ $$c2021 000099254 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000099254 5203_ $$aBackground: Livestock-associated (LA)-CC398-MRSA is closely related to pigs, being unfrequently detected in human invasive infections. CC398-MSSA is emerging in human invasive infections in some countries, but genetic and epidemiological characteristics are still scarcely reported. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) CC398, both MRSA and MSSA, among blood cultures SA isolates recovered in Spanish hospitals located in regions with different pig-farming densities (PD) and characterize the recovered isolates. Methods: One thousand twenty-two SA isolates (761 MSSA, 261 MRSA) recovered from blood cultures during 6–12 months in 17 Spanish hospitals (2018–2019) were studied. CC398 lineage identification, detection of spa-types, and antibiotic resistance, virulence and human immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. Results: Forty-four CC398-MSSA isolates (4.3% of SA; 5.8% of MSSA) and 10 CC398-MRSA isolates (1% of SA; 3.8% of MRSA) were detected. Eleven spa-types were found among the CC398-MSSA isolates with t571 and t1451 the most frequent spa-types detected (75%). Most of CC398-MSSA isolates were Immune-Evasion-Cluster (IEC)-positive (88.6%), tetracycline-susceptible (95.5%) and erythromycin/clindamycin–inducible-resistant/erm(T)-positive (75%). No statistical significance was detected when the CC398-MSSA/MSSA rate was correlated to PD (pigs/km2) (p = 0.108). On the contrary, CC398-MRSA isolates were all IEC-negative, predominately spa-t011 (70%), and the CC398-MRSA/MRSA rate was significantly associated to PD (p < 0.005). Conclusion: CC398-MSSA is an emerging clade in invasive infections in Spanish hospitals. CC398-MRSA (mostly t011) and CC398-MSSA (mostly t571 and t1451) show important differences, possibly suggesting divergent steps in host-adaptation evolutionary processes. While CC398-MRSA is livestock-associated (lacking IEC-system), CC398-MSSA seems to be mostly livestock-independent, carrying human-adaptation markers.. 000099254 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/SAF2016-76571-R 000099254 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000099254 590__ $$a6.064$$b2021 000099254 592__ $$a1.314$$b2021 000099254 594__ $$a8.2$$b2021 000099254 591__ $$aMICROBIOLOGY$$b34 / 138 = 0.246$$c2021$$dQ1$$eT1 000099254 593__ $$aMicrobiology (medical)$$c2021$$dQ1 000099254 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2021$$dQ1 000099254 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000099254 700__ $$aAspiroz, C 000099254 700__ $$aRuiz-Ripa, L 000099254 700__ $$aCeballos, S 000099254 700__ $$aIñiguez-Barrio,M 000099254 700__ $$aCercenado, E 000099254 700__ $$aAzcona, JM 000099254 700__ $$aLópez-Cerero, L 000099254 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9742-1463$$aSeral, C$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000099254 700__ $$aLópez-Calleja, AI 000099254 700__ $$aBelles-Belles, A 000099254 700__ $$aBerdonces, P 000099254 700__ $$aSiller, M 000099254 700__ $$aZarazaga, M 000099254 700__ $$aTorres, C. 000099254 700__ $$aLeiva, José 000099254 700__ $$aEzpeleta, Carmen 000099254 700__ $$aTorroba,José Luis 000099254 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2519-701X$$aCastillo, Javier$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000099254 700__ $$aRobres , Pilar 000099254 700__ $$aTorres, Luis 000099254 700__ $$aAlonso, Carla Andrea 000099254 700__ $$aGarcía, Mercé 000099254 700__ $$aNavarro, María 000099254 700__ $$aVilamala, Anna 000099254 700__ $$aCanut, Andrés 000099254 700__ $$aAguirre, Amaia 000099254 700__ $$aMegías, Gregoria 000099254 700__ $$aAyarza, Rafael 000099254 700__ $$aGomáriz, María 000099254 700__ $$aCalvo, Jorge 000099254 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7294-245X$$aRezusta, Antonio$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000099254 700__ $$aPalacian, Pilar 000099254 7102_ $$11011$$2630$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.$$cÁrea Microbiología 000099254 773__ $$g12 (2021), 623108 [10 pp.]$$pFront. microbiol.$$tFrontiers in Microbiology$$x1664-302X 000099254 8564_ $$s494471$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99254/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000099254 8564_ $$s2351407$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/99254/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000099254 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:99254$$particulos$$pdriver 000099254 951__ $$a2023-05-18-14:19:13 000099254 980__ $$aARTICLE