Operando analysis of the positive active mass of lead batteries by neutron diffraction

Rodríguez-Gómez, M. ; Campo, J. ; Orera, A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Fuente, F. de la ; Valenciano, J. ; Fricke, H. ; Hussey, D.S. ; Chen, Y. ; Yu, D. ; An, K. ; Larrea, A.

Resumen: We have analysed, through neutron diffraction experiments with the volume-gauge technique, the operando performance of lead cells composed of industrial positive and negative electrodes, previously tank formed in the manufacturing plant. The cells, 6.7 cm × 11.5 cm in surface, comprised a 3.4 mm thick positive electrode sandwiched between two 2.3 mm thick negative electrodes. The electrolyte was sulphuric acid diluted in water, both deuterated, and the separators were industrial grade absorptive glass mat (AGM). The experiments, carried out using the VULCAN instrument at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (TN, USA), showed the evolution of α-PbO2, β-PbO2 and PbSO4 phases in the positive active mass during charge/discharge cycling, comparing the behaviour of fresh and cycled cells. No evidence of PbSO4 phase in fully charged plates or PbO in any state of charge were found above 1% by weight. Significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution and transition rates inside the positive electrode was observed. The experiments allowed estimation of the energy efficiency by comparing the external energy provided to the cell with the energy stored in the PbSO4 to PbO2 transformations.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233822

Año: 2023

Publicado en: JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 591 (2023), 233822 [10 pp.]
ISSN: 0378-7753

Factor impacto JCR: 8.1 (2023)

Categ. JCR: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL rank: 39 / 178 = 0.219 (2023) - Q1 - T1
Categ. JCR: MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY rank: 72 / 439 = 0.164 (2023) - Q1 - T1
Categ. JCR: ENERGY & FUELS rank: 33 / 171 = 0.193 (2023) - Q1 - T1
Categ. JCR: ELECTROCHEMISTRY rank: 6 / 45 = 0.133 (2023) - Q1 - T1

Factor impacto CITESCORE: 16.4 - Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (Q1) - Energy Engineering and Power Technology (Q1) - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (Q1) - Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Q1)

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.857 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Q1) - Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (Q1) - Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (Q1) - Energy Engineering and Power Technology (Q1)

Tipo y forma: Article (PostPrint)

Área (Departamento): Área Cienc.Mater. Ingen.Metal. (Dpto. Ciencia Tecnol.Mater.Fl.)