Evaluation of Stress Response Using Smartphone PPG for Anxiety and Depression Monitoring

Cajal, Diego ; De La Cámara, Concepción ; Posadas-De Miguel, Mar ; Torrijos, Noel ; Nadal, Óscar ; Blanco, Teresa ; Siddi, Sara ; Armañac, Pablo (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Gil, Eduardo (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Lázaro, Jesús (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Bailón, Raquel (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: Diminished stress reactivity is frequently reported in individuals with depression and anxiety. Smartphone-camera photoplethysmography (SCPPG) could offer an innovative, objective, and ambulatory metric for monitoring these conditions. This study aims to evaluate the use of SCPPG to monitor anxiety and depression by analyzing stress responses. Specifically, it examines the autonomic nervous system through heart rate variability using pulse rate variability (PRV) metrics derived from SCPPG. The study involved 79 participants, including patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder (n = 22), as well as a control group (n = 57). SCPPG signals were compared with those from a validated device during a stress-inducing protocol, consisting of baseline, stress tests (Trail Making Test and Stroop Test), and recovery phases. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement. The results indicate a high correlation (r >= 0.96, p < 0.001) between PRV metrics derived from SCPPG and those from reference devices. Additionally, exhibited minimal bias (1 <= 2%) with the exception of RMSSD (1 = 12%). Notably, SCPPG reliably detects stress reactivity differences between patient and control groups across all PRV metrics (p < 0.05). The study highlights the significance of SCPPG in understanding and personalizing mental health treatments, considering factors such as stress reactivity and recovery. Future research directions include longitudinal studies and improving SCPPG accuracy, particularly for patients with tremors or during dynamic tasks.

Idioma: Alemán

DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3643644

Año: 2025

Publicado en: IEEE Access 13 (2025), 212689-212703
ISSN: 2169-3536

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/AEI PID2024-160041OB-I00
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T27-17R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T39-23R
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PDC2021-120775
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-138585OA-C32
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/MICINN/TED2021-131106B-I00
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/UZ2022-IAR-06

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Ingen.Sistemas y Automát. (Dpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.)
Área (Departamento): Área Teoría Señal y Comunicac. (Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.)