Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Anel, A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Pardo, J. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Klionsky, D.J. ; Abdelmohsen, K. ; Abe, A. ; Abedin, M.J. ; Abeliovich, H. ; Arozena, A.A. ; Adachi, H. ; Adams, C.M. ; Adams, P.D. ; Adeli, K. ; Adhihetty, P.J. ; Adler, S.G. ; Agam, G. ; Agarwal, R. ; Aghi, M.K. ; Agnello, M. ; Agostinis, P. ; Aguilar, P.V. ; Aguirre-Ghiso, J. ; Airoldi, E.M. ; Ait-Si-Ali, S. ; Akematsu, T. ; Akporiaye, E.T. ; Al-Rubeai, M. ; Albaiceta, G.M. ; Albanese, C. ; Albani, D. ; Albert, M.L. ; Aldudo, J. ; Algul, H. ; Alirezaei, M. ; Alloza, I. ; Almasan, A. ; Almonte-Beceril, M. ; Alnemri, E.S. ; Alonso, C. ; Altan-Bonnet, N. ; Altieri, D.C. ; Alvarez, S. ; Alvarez-Erviti, L. ; Alves, S. ; Amadoro, G. ; Amano, A. ; Amantini, C. ; Ambrosio, S. ; Amelio, I. ; Amer, A.O. ; Amessou, M. ; Amon, A. ; An, Z.Y. ; Anania, F.A. ; Andersen, S.U. ; Andley, U.P. ; Andreadi, C.K. ; Andrieu-Abadie, N. ; Ann, D.K. ; Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. ; Antonioli, M. ; Aoki, H. ; Apostolova, N. ; Aquila, S. ; Aquilano, K. ; Araki, K. ; Arama, E. ; Aranda, A. ; Araya, J. ; Arcaro, A. ; Arias, E. ; Arimoto, H. ; Ariosa, A.R. ; Armstrong, J.L. ; Arnould, T. ; Arsov, I. ; Asanuma, K. ; Askanas, V. ; Asselin, E. ; Atarashi, R. ; Atherton, S.S. ; Atkin, J.D. ; Attardi, L.D. ; Auberger, P. ; Auburger, G. ; Aurelian, L. ; Autelli, R. ; Avagliano, L. ; Avantaggiati, M.L. ; Avrahami, L. ; Awale, S. ; Azad, N. ; Bachetti, T. ; Backer, J.M. ; Bae, D.H. ; Bae, J.S. ; Bae, O.N. ; Bae, S.H. ; Baehrecke, E.H. ; Baek, S.H. ; Baghdiguian, S. ; Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. ; Bai, H. ; Bai, J. ; Bai, X.Y. ; Bailly, Y. ; Balaji, K.N. ; Balduini, W. ; Ballabio, A. ; Balzan, R. ; Banerjee, R. ; Banhegyi, G. ; Bao, H.J. ; Barbeau, B. ; Barrachina, M.D. ; Barreiro, E. ; Bartel, B. ; Bartolome, A. ; Bassham, D.C. ; Bassi, M.T. ; Bast, R.C. ; Basu, A. ; Batista, M.T. ; Batoko, H. ; Battino, M. ; Bauckman, K. ; Baumgarner, B.L. ; Bayer, K.U. ; Beale, R. ; Beaulieu, J.F. ; Beck, G.R. ; Becker, C. ; Beckham, J.D. ; Bedard, P.A. ; Bednarski, P.J. ; Begley, T.J. ; Behl, C. ; Behrends, C. ; Behrens, G.M.N. ; Behrns, K.E. ; Bejarano, E. ; Belaid, A. ; Belleudi, F. ; Benard, G. ; Berchem, G. ; Bergamaschi, D. ; Bergami, M. ; Berkhout, B. ; Berliocchi, L. ; Bernard, A. ; Bernard, M. ; Bernassola, F. ; Bertolotti, A. ; Bess, A.S. ; Besteiro, S. ; Bettuzzi, S. ; Bhalla, S. ; Bhattacharyya, S. ; Bhutia, S.K. ; Biagosch, C. ; Bianchi, M.W. ; Biard-Piechaczyk, M. ; Billes, V. ; Bincoletto, C. ; Bingol, B. ; Bird, S.W. ; Bitoun, M. ; Bjedov, I. ; Blackstone, C. ; Blanc, L. ; Blanco, G.A. ; Blomhoff, H.K. ; Boada-Romero, E. ; Bockler, S. ; Boes, M. ; Boesze-Battaglia, K. ; Boise, L.H. ; Bolino, A. ; Boman, A. ; Bonaldo, P. ; Bordi, M. ; Bosch, J. ; Botana, L.M. ; Botti, J. ; Bou, G. ; Bouche, M. ; Bouchecareilh, M. ; Boucher, M.J. ; Boulton, M.E. ; Bouret, S.G. ; Boya, P. ; Boyer-Guittaut, M. ; Bozhkov, P.V. ; Brady, N. ; Braga, V.M.M. ; Brancolini, C. ; Braus, G.H. ; Bravo-San Pedro, J.M. ; Brennan, L.A. ; Bresnick, E.H. ; Brest, P. ; Bridges, D. ; Bringer, M.A. ; Brini, M. ; Brito, G.C. ; Brodin, B. ; Brookes, P.S. ; Brown, E.J. ; Brown, K. ; Broxmeyer, H.E. ; Bruhat, A. ; Brum, P.C. ; Brumell, J.H. ; Brunetti-Pierri, N. ; Bryson-Richardson, R.J. ; Buch, S. ; Buchan, A.M.

Resumen: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes.
For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy...

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Año: 2016

Publicado en: Autophagy 12, 1 (2016), 1-222
ISSN: 1554-8627

Factor impacto JCR: 8.593 (2016)

Categ. JCR: CELL BIOLOGY rank: 22 / 189 = 0.116 (2016) - Q1 - T1

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 3.065 - Molecular Biology (Q1) - Cell Biology (Q1)

Tipo y forma: Review (Published version)

Área (Departamento): Área Inmunología (Dpto. Microb.Med.Pr.,Sal.Públ.)
Área (Departamento): Área Bioquímica y Biolog.Mole. (Dpto. Bioq.Biolog.Mol. Celular)