Effects of multicomponent training and detraining on the fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty: results of a 10-month quasi-experimental study

Fernández-García, Á. I. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Gómez-Cabello, A. ; Gómez-Bruton, A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Moradell, A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Navarrete-Villanueva, D. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Pérez-Gómez, J. ; González-Gross, M. ; Ara, I. ; Casajús, J. A. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Vicente-Rodríguez, G. (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the effects of a 6-month multicomponent training (MCT) on the physical fitness of older adults with or at risk of frailty; (2) to study the consequences of a 4-month detraining period; (3) to analyse the influence of frailty status on the training and detraining adaptations. A total of 102 robust, frail and prefrail older adults (80.1 ± 6.1 y) were divided into an intervention (TRAIN) and control group (CON). The TRAIN performed a 6-month MCT, while the CON continued with their usual lifestyle. Fitness assessment was mainly based on the Senior Fitness Test. Four evaluations were carried out; at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 10 months from baseline. Linear mixed models were performed to analyse group by time interactions and to compare differences in changes within groups between different time points. After 6-month MCT, TRAIN showed greater improvements for all fitness variables (group effects p < 0.05, except for flexibility) when compared to the CON. During the 4-month detraining period, TRAIN significantly decreased their balance, upper-limb flexibility and upper and lower-limb strength (all p < 0.05). CON only decreased upper-limb flexibility. When accounting for frailty status in the TRAIN, the frail-prefrail showed lower adaptations to the training and were more affected by detraining than the robust. The presented MCT is a good strategy to improve fitness in this population, but its positive effects are limited in time. It is, therefore, critical to avoid detraining periods.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2104657

Año: 2023

Publicado en: European Journal of Sport Science 23, 8 (2023), 1696-1709
ISSN: 1746-1391

Factor impacto JCR: 2.4 (2023)

Categ. JCR: SPORT SCIENCES rank: 36 / 127 = 0.283 (2023) - Q2 - T1

Factor impacto CITESCORE: 6.6 - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine (Q1) - Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation (Q1)

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.078 - Medicine (miscellaneous) (Q1) - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine (Q1) - Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation (Q1) - Sports Science (Q2)

Tipo y forma: Article (PostPrint)

Área (Departamento): Área Nutrición Bromatología (Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.)
Área (Departamento): Área Enfermería (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)
Área (Departamento): Área Educación Física y Depor. (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)