Multiomics and eXplainable artificial intelligence for decision support in insulin resistance early diagnosis: a pediatric population-based longitudinal study

Torres-Martos, Álvaro ; Anguita-Ruiz, Augusto ; Bustos-Aibar, Mireia ; Ramírez-Mena, Alberto ; Arteaga, María ; Bueno, Gloria (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Leis, Rosaura ; Aguilera, Concepción M. ; Alcalá, Rafael ; Alcalá-Fdez, Jesús

Resumen: Pediatric obesity can drastically heighten the risk of cardiometabolic alterations later in life, with insulin resistance standing as the cornerstone linking adiposity to the increased cardiovascular risk. Puberty has been pointed out as a critical stage after which obesity-associated insulin resistance is more difficult to revert. Timely prediction of insulin resistance in pediatric obesity is therefore vital for mitigating the risk of its associated comorbidities. The construction of effective and robust predictive systems for a complex health outcome like insulin resistance during the early stages of life demands the adoption of longitudinal designs for more causal inferences, and the integration of factors of varying nature involved in its onset. In this work, we propose an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence-based decision support pipeline for early diagnosis of insulin resistance in a longitudinal cohort of 90 children. For that, we leverage multi-omics (genomics and epigenomics) and clinical data from the pre-pubertal stage. Different data layers combinations, pre-processing techniques (missing values, feature selection, class imbalance, etc.), algorithms, training procedures were considered following good practices for Machine Learning. SHapley Additive exPlanations were provided for specialists to understand both the decision-making mechanisms of the system and the impact of the features on each automatic decision, an essential issue in high-risk areas such as this one where system decisions may affect people’s lives. The system showed a relevant predictive ability (AUC and G-mean of 0.92). A deep exploration, both at the global and the local level, revealed promising biomarkers of insulin resistance in our population, highlighting classical markers, such as Body Mass Index z-score or leptin/adiponectin ratio, and novel ones such as methylation patterns of relevant genes, such as HDAC4, PTPRN2, MATN2, RASGRF1 and EBF1. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating multi-omics data and following eXplainable Artificial Intelligence trends when building decision support systems.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102962

Año: 2024

Publicado en: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE 156 (2024), 102962 [14 pp.]
ISSN: 0933-3657

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/FJC2021-046952-I
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101080219/EU/Preventing lifetime obesity by early risk-factor identification, prognosis and intervention/eprObes
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII-FEDER/PI20-00924
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI20-00563
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI20-00711
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI20-00988
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-00028
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-00129
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-00165
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-00191
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI23-01032
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIN-ISCIII/FI23-00042
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIN-ISCIII/IFI17-00048
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIN-ISCIII/IFI22-00013

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Pediatría (Dpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.)